2 Standards, definitions and books T 18

2.1 Standards
2.2 Definitions
2.3 Books

2.1 Standards

OH&S standards and references

standards

One of the first widely used occupational health and safety management standards was the "BS OHSAS 18001: Occupational Health and Safety Management - Requirements" published in 1999 and revised in 2007. It was not an ISO standard.

The Quebec standard BNQ 9700-800 of 2008 is entitled "Prevention, promotion and organizational practices favorable to health in the workplace". It contains an appendix A (Activity Spheres - Examples of Activities and Interventions) which is very practical and rich.

In recent years, the ISO / PC 283 Committee (Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems) has been working on an international standard. In December 2017 a FDIS (final draft) version of the ISO 45001 standard was proposed. In January 2018 the FDIS was validated at 93%.

This module is based on ISO 45001 (2018): Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems - Requirements and Guidelines for their Use. The standard was published in March 2018.

Practical recommendations are in the guidelines ILO - OSH 2001 "Guidelines on occupational safety and health management systems", freely available from International Labour Organization – ILO (pdf, 286 kB, 40 pages). Correspondences between ISO 45001 and ILO 2001 are shown in annex 02. record

The French specification MASE (Business Security Enhancement Manual) contains the minimum measures to set up a high-performance Safety, Health and Environment prevention system with application annexes.

ISO 19011 (2018 - third edition): Guidelines for auditing management systems is perfectly applicable for an internal audit of the OH&SMS.

All of these standards and many more can be ordered in electronic or paper form on the ISO site.

More than 28,000 standards (in English and other languages) are available for free on the Public.Resource.Org site.

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2.2 Definitions

Terms and definitions related to OH&S

2.2

The beginning of wisdom is the definition of terms. Socrates

Specific terms and definitions used in relation with the OH&SMS:

Acceptable risk: risk reduced to a tolerable level
Accident: undesired event causing death or health and environmental damages
Conformity: fulfillment of a specified requirement
Continual improvement: process to enhence performance
Customer: anyone who receives a product
Emergency situation: event that poses a serious threat to life, health, property or the environment
External provider (supplier): gentity that provides a product
Hazard: situation that could lead to an incident
Incident: undesired event that could lead to health damages
Interested party: person, group or company that can be affected by an organization
Management system: set of processes allowing objectives to be achieved
Nonconformity: non-fulfillment of a specified requirement
Occupational health and safety (OH&S): everything that can influence the wellbeing of the personnel in an organization
Occupational health and safety management system:: set of processes allowing occupational health and safety objectives to be achieved
Organization (company): a structure that satisfies a need
Process: activities that transform inputs into outputs
Product (or service): every result of a process or activity
Risk: likelihood of occurrence of a threat or an opportunity
Safety: aptitude to avoid an undesired event

In the terminology of quality management systems, do not confuse:

accident and incident
- an accident is an unexpected serious event
- an incident is an event that can lead to an accident
anomaly, defect, dysfunction, failure, nonconformity, reject and waste:
- anomaly is a deviation from what is expected
- defect is the non-fulfillment of a requirement related to an intended use
- dysfunction is a degraded function that can lead to a failure
- failure is when a function has become unfit
- nonconformity is the non-fulfillment of a requirement in production
- reject is a nonconforming product that will be destroyed
- waste is when there are added costs but no value
audit program and plan
- an audit program is the annual planning of the audits
- an audit plan is the description of the audit activities
audit, inspection, auditee and auditor
- an audit is the process of obtaining audit evidence
- an inspection is the conformity verification of a process and product
- an auditee is the one who is audited
- an auditor is the one who conducts the audit
control and optimize
- control is meeting the objectives
- optimize is searching for the best possible results
customer, external provider and subcontractor
- a customer receives a product
- an external provider provides a service or a product
- a subcontractor provides a product or service on which specific work is done
effectiveness and efficiency
- effectiveness is the level of achievement of planned results
- efficiency is the ratio between results and resources
follow-up and review
- follow-up is the verification of the obtained results of an action
- review is the analysis of the effectiveness in achieving objectives
inform and communicate
- to inform is to give someone meaningful data
- to communicate is to pass on a message, to listen to the reaction and discuss
objective and indicator
- an objective is a sought after commitment
- an indicator is the information on the difference between the pre-set objective and the achieved result
organization and enterprise, society, company
- organization is the term used by the ISO 9001 standard as the entity between the supplier and the customer
- an enterprise, society and company are examples of organizations
process, procedure, product, activity and task
- a process is how we satisfy the customer using people to achieve the objectives
- a procedure is the description of how we should conform to the rules
- a product is the result of a process
- an activity is a set of tasks
- a task is a sequence of simple operations

Remark 1: the use of ISO 45001 and ISO 9000 definitions is recommended. The most important thing is to determinate a common and unequivocal vocabulary for everyone in the company.

Remark 2: the customer can also be the user, the beneficiary, the trigger, the ordering party, the consumer.

Remark 3: documented information is any information that we shall maintain (procedure ) or retain (record )

Remark 4: to be in line with ISO 9001, we prefer using the termes:

acquisition instead of procurment
external providers instead of contractors

For other definitions, comments, explanations and interpretations that you don’t find in this module and annex 06, you can consult: explications record